Asking Opinion and Giving Opinion

Asking Opinion is  to ask other people's opinions on an issue.

Giving Opinion is to express an opinion on a matter or issue.     

A.   Asking for Opinion

 

        Formal :

• ·         Have you got any comments on …..
• ·         Do you have any idea?
• ·         Do you have any opinion on ……
• ·         Would you give me your opinion on……….?
• ·         What is your reaction to ….
• ·         What is your opinion about……….?
• ·         What are you feeling about………….? 
•           What are your views on……….
•  ·         Please give me your frank opinion ?
    
  Informal
• ·         What do you think of…….?
• ·         What do you think about………?
• ·         What is your opinion?
• ·         Why do they behave like that?
• ·         Do you think it’s going?
• ·         How do you like?
• ·         How was the trip?
• ·         How do you think of Rina’s idea 
   
  B.  Giving Opinion
   
   Informal
• ·         I think I like it.
• ·         I don’t think I care for it.
• ·         I think it’s good/nice/terrific……..
• ·         I think that awful/not nice/terrible…………
• ·         I don’t think much of it.
• ·         I think that……..

Report Text

    A.  Definition
Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic observation and analysis. 

   B.  Purpose Of SocialIt’s social purpose is presenting information about something. They generally describe an entire class of things, whether natural, the planets, rocks, plants, countries of region, culture, transportation, and so on. 

    C.  Social Function

Inform the readers about range of natural, and social phenomena in our environment

    D.  Generic Structure

·         General classification ; tells what the phenomenon under discussion is.

·         Description tells what the phenomenon under discussion is like in terms of 

1. parts ,

2.qualities 

 3. habits or behaviors, if living ; uses , if non-natural.

    E.  Language Features of Report

o    Use of general nouns, example : hunting bird, rather than particular nouns, example : our dog;

o    Use of relating verbs to describe features, example : Molecules are tiny particles;

o   Some use of action verbs when describing behaviour, example : Emus cannot fly;

o   Use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness, example : Tropicalcyclones always begin over the sea;

o   Use of technical terms, example : Isobars are lines drawn on a weather map;

o   Use of paragraphs with topic sentences to organise bundles of information; repeated naming of the topic as the beginning focus of the clause. 

          F. General Classification

         Tell us what the phenomenon discussion is

          G. Description

         Tell us what the phenomenon under discussion is like in terms of: parts (and their funtions), qualities, habits or behavior

   

         H. Grammatical Features

•    Use of general nouns, e.g. Laser light
•    Use of relating verbs to describe features, e.g. Laser light is a special kind of light ,
•    Mostly use of present tenses, e.g. Laser light s just one pure color,
•    Use of technical terms, e.g. Beam, active medium

      I.        Language Features of Report 

·          Use of general nouns, example : hunting bird, rather than particular nouns, example : our dog;

·           Use of relating verbs to describe features, example : Molecules are tiny particles;

·         Some use of action verbs when describing behaviour, example : Emus cannot fly;

·       Use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness, example : Tropical cyclones always begin over the sea;

·         Use of technical terms, example : Isobars are lines drawn on a weather map;

·         Use of paragraphs with topic sentences to organise bundles of information; repeated naming of the topic as the beginning focus of the clause.

Example of Report Text

 

Birds

 Birds are interesting flying animals. They are vertebrates and warm blooded animals. They belong to aves class and they can be found all over the world.

 Birds breath with their air pocket. Beside as respiration organ, air pocket also can enlarge or reduce their weight when flying or swimming.

 There are many kinds of birds. Earth bird has special characteristic. They have different morphology acording to their food and their habitat. Some of them eat seeds, pollen, fish or meat. There are some species that live in land and the others live in water. Land birds live on their nest.

 Female birds have specific tasks. they lay eggs and feed their baby, Beside that they look for foods for their baby.

Adjective Clause

An adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun.  It is possible to combine the following two sentences to form one sentence containing an adjective clause:              

·         The children are going to visit the museum.

    They are on the bus.

·         The children who are on the bus are going to visit the museum.
                  | adjective clause |

In the sentence above, there are two other ways to write the sentence correctly using the second sentence as the adjective clause. 

·         The children that are on the bus are going to visit the museum.

·         The children       on the bus       are going to visit the museum.

Some other sentences can be combined into a sentence using adjective clauses in a variety of ways, and they are all correct.  Note the variety of ways in which the following two sentences can be combined.
 The church is old.

·         My grandparents were married there.

·         The church where my grandparents were married is old.

·         The church in which my grandparents were married is old.

·         The church which my grandparents were married in is old.

·         The church that my grandparents were married in is old.

·         The church my grandparents were married in is old

In the sentences above, the adjective clauses are underlined.  All answers are correct.  Note the use of the word "in" and how and where it is used.

An adjective clause with a subject pronoun - such as which, that or who - can also be shortened into a phrase.

You can shorten an adjective clause in two ways:

Omit the subject pronoun and verb.

Omit the subject pronoun and change the verb to the form ending in "ing."

Here are some examples of how to create an adjective phrase:

·         Adjective Clause: The books, which are lost, are not really necessary.

·         Adjective Phrase: The books lost are not really necessary.

·         Adjective Clause: The girl who is running is my best friend.

·         Adjective Phrase: The girl running is my best friend.

·         Adjective Clause: His share of the money, which consists of $100,000, was given to him on Monday.

·         Adjective Phrase: His share of the money, consisting of $100,000, was given to him on Monday.

  Adjective Clause: Something that smells bad may be rotten.

·         Adjective Phrase: Something smelling bad may be rotten.

Remember, the goal of an adjective clause is to add more information to a noun or a pronoun. You can add the information by including a few more words or by changing the adjective clause to a phrase.

Expressing Pain,Relief,and Pleasure

* Expressing Pain
when we get sick, we must feel pain on part of our body. When we get an accident, and we get injured because of it, we must feel pain. 

some expression of pain :
- its very painful. I can’t stand it.
- the pain hurts me very much.
- that’s hurts!-Oh, my headache!
- my back pains me.
- I’m not feeling well.
- I have a bad cough.
- I feel terrible.
- I’m really sick.
- I can no longer stand.
We can also add it with some interjection, such as : Oh!, Ouch! and Aw!

* Expressing Relief When we have problem and we can solve it, we will feel relief. In other situation, when we feel worried about something that we will face it, we will also feel relief. a relief is lessening or ending of pain and worry.
 
For example :
- What a relief!
- That’s a relief!
- I’m very relieved to hear that (it)
- I’m glad everything’s running well.
- I’m glad it’s done.
- thank God for that.
- Thank goodness.
- thank heaveness.
- Oh, good!
- Oh, marvelous!, etc.

* Ekspressing Pleasure (happiness)People express their happiness when they get good news or special thing.
 
For example :
- I’m delighted.
- It’s very delighted.
- I’m pleased.
- I’m happy (for)…
- I’m glad.
- Great!
- It’s wonderful.
- How marvelous!
- fantastic!
- It’s a great pleasure!, etc.

The example of the dialogue :
A collision with b..
A : Oh my God. It hurts me so much. Be careful boy! Ahhh.., I’m getting head aches..
B : I’m so sorry, Sir. I’m in a hurry. I don’t accidentally. Are you Ok Sir??
A : I thought, I would die because of you. But, Doesn’t matter. Other times you have to be careful.
B : Yes, Sir..I’m sorry..Are you Mr. A??
A : How do you know me?? Have we met before??
B : No, we haven’t. I just ever saw you in a hotel when you were having a meeting, there. Nice to meet you Sir.
A : owh,I see.. Nice to meet you,too. What’s your name??
B : My name’s B. Where will you go?
A : I’ll go to the bus stop and go to the hospital. and u??
B : I’ll collect my task to my lecture. What for you go there, sir??
A : My wife is childbearing our first baby, I’m so worry about it.
B : don’t worry, sir, All will be fine. I’m sure.
(A’s cellphone is ringing.)
A : really?? Thank you very much, I can’t say how pleased I’m..
B : what’s the news sir??
A : my wife has childbeared, I have a son. That’s fantastic!!! Thanks God for that.
B : Really?? It’s a great pleasure. Thanks goodness. Congratulation.
A : ya, thank you so much. I’m glad everything’s running well. Aha! That’s the bus, i’m sorry, I must go now. I hope, you’ll graduate with the best score.
B : yes sir, Thanks. Be careful, and see you.
A : see you.

Granting Request

Granting request is expression to give somebody permission to do something

 

 Examples request

• ·         may i borrow your biology notes now?
• ·         Excuse me. may i go to the toilet, ma'am?
• ·         can i use your pen for a minute, please?
• ·         do you mind if i ask you to drive me to the bookstore?
  
  Examples Granting Request
  
  
• ·         Sure here you are.
• ·         yes, you may. 
• ·         certaintly. it's almost finished anyway. 
• ·         sure. just be careful
• ·         Of course, you can.
• ·         not at all. we're going the same way.

Gerunds

GERUND is the “continuous form of a verb”.

Definition: A traditional grammatical term for a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. Adjective: gerundial.
A gerund (also known as an -ing form) with its objects, complements, and modifiers is called a gerund phrase or simply a noun phraseA gerund is that form of the verb which ends in –ing and has the force of a noun and a verb.

Read these examples of gerunds:
Since Francisco was five years old, swimming has been his passion.
Swimming = subject of the verb has been.
Francisco's first love is swimming.
Swimming = subject complement of the verb is.
Francisco enjoys swimming more than spending time with his girlfriend Diana.
Swimming = direct object of the verb enjoys.
Francisco gives swimming all of his energy and time.
Swimming = indirect object of the verb gives.
When Francisco wore dive fins to class, everyone knew that he was devoted to swimming.
Swimming = object of the preposition to.


1. A gerund is used as the subject of a verb.Examples: • Smoking is prohibited here.
• Reading improves your knowledge.
• Running behind a running-car is dangerous.
• Walking alone is what he likes the most.
• Buying vegetables in that market is a difficult affair.
• Following others is not advisable.
You can easily see that the subjects in all these sentences are in gerund forms.


2. A gerund is used as an object of a verb.Examples:• Begin reading the book.
• I like going for a walk.
• They prefer buying online rather offline.


3. Object of a preposition.Examples:• My neighbor is good at breeding dogs.
• I am fond of eating sweets.
• Before entering the room, please remove your foot-wear.

Giving Advice

Giving  Advice is  to give (someone) a recommendation about what should be done .

EXPRESSIONS OF ASKING FOR  ADVICE

•What should…………………………….. ?

•What do you think should………… ?

•What do you advise?

•Could you give me some advice for ….?

•What you would advice?

•What would you do if……….?

•Do you think I should …..?

EXPRESSIONS OF GIVING ADVICE 

•You should/ought to……….

•I think you should/ought to………

•You ought to………………

•I advise you to

•If I were you, I would……..

•I would recommend that you ……

•You’d better tell …………..

•You must to……………….

DIALOGUE OF EXPRESSING ADVICE

Bea              : Good morning, Putri

Putri             : Good morning, Bea. (Looks confused)

Bea              : How are you, Putri

Putri             : I’m confused now.

Bea              :  Why?

Putri          :  My boyriend forbade me to follow the singing competition. If you were me, what would you tell him?

Bea             :   I would say that the competition is very important to you, and instead, the prize of the competition would you give to him

Putri         :   That’s a good idea. I will do it. Thank you very much,Bea. Now I want to go to canteen. See you.

Ratna           :    You’re welcome. See you too.